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Our immune system is a complex network of organs, cells and molecules that protects us from infection. Cancer and its treatment can weaken the immune system, increasing the risk of infection from foreign substances such as viruses, bacteria and fungi.

For example:

  • Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy may lower neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in fighting infection.

  • Immunotherapy. Some cancer-targeting immunotherapies modify the immune system to recognize that the cancer is foreign to the body and needs to be attacked. However, these drugs may also attack healthy cells, triggering side effects that can lead to infection.

  • Surgery. Any type of surgery, including surgery as a cancer treatment, carries a risk of infection.

  • Medical devices. Devices such as catheters and ports that deliver cancer drugs to the body can cause an infection.

  • The cancer itself. The risk of infection can also be increased in blood cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma.

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Thumbnail of the PDF version of Preventing, Managing & Treating Infection in Adults Living With Cancer

Download a PDF(456 KB) of this publication.

This booklet is supported by Pfizer.

Last updated Thursday, December 1, 2022

The information presented in this publication is provided for your general information only. It is not intended as medical advice and should not be relied upon as a substitute for consultations with qualified health professionals who are aware of your specific situation. We encourage you to take information and questions back to your individual health care provider as a way of creating a dialogue and partnership about your cancer and your treatment.

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